Answered April 26th, 2019

Walter Payton breaks O.J. Simpson's 1976 single-game record with 275 rushing yards (which held until Corey Dillon's 278 in 2000).
Who was the first player with 275 rushing yards in a game?
Interpreted as:
Who was the first player with 275 or more rushing yards in a game?
11/20/1977Payton10/22/2000Dillon9/14/2003Lewis11/4/2007Peterson12/20/2009Harrison275278295296286
NAMEDATETMOPPRUSH YDSATTRUSH AVGRUSH TDREC YDSRECTRGREC AVGREC TD
Walter PaytonWalter Payton11/20/1977CHICHIvs. MIN
vs.
275406.91616.00
Corey DillonCorey Dillon10/22/2000CINCINvs. DEN
vs.
2782212.620000
Jamal LewisJamal Lewis9/14/2003BALBALvs. CLE
vs.
295309.820010
Adrian PetersonAdrian Peterson11/4/2007MINMINvs. SD
vs.
296309.93191219.00
Jerome HarrisonJerome Harrison12/20/2009CLECLE@ KC
@
286348.4312236.00
Results may be incomplete. StatMuse has complete game-level data for rushing yards going back to the 1960 season.